Mannheim dan Para Pengkritiknya (Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69896/modeling.v10i1.2484Keywords:
Critique, Congruence, Sociology of KnowledgeAbstract
Para ahli berpendapat bahwa karya-karya Mannheim tidak mewakili keseluruhan secara kongruen. Pemikiran dan karya Mannheim dianggap mengalami perubahan penekanan (changes of emphasis), meskipun terbukti bahwa tema dan perhatian yang saling mengintegrasikan, yang menjadi korelasi mengintegrasikan seluruh karya Mannheim. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi kritik terhadap pemikiran dan karya Mannheim. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian library research dengan menggunakan pisau analisis deskriptif analisis.
Hasil penelitian adalah: Pertama; Kritik terhadap pemikiran dan karya Mannheim adalah: (1) teori pengetahuan Mannheim, meskipun rumusan pengetahuan dapat menjelaskan bagaimana ide-ide muncul, rumusan tersebut tidak dapat menjelaskan apakah ide-ide tersebut benar atau salah; (2) Kesalahan terbesar teori Mannheim, menganggap kaum intelektual adalah sebuah kelas seperti kelas-kelas lainnya, bukannya tidak terikat, tetapi seperti setiap kelas, terikat pada lokasi sosial yang spesifik. (3) Pemikiran Mannheim tidak dapat direduksi menjadi relativisme total, sebab mengabaikan elemen universalistik, inklusif, dan normatif yang melingkupi pemikirannya. (4). Mannheim tidak pernah menawarkan perbedaan yang jelas antara tingkat ilmu pengetahuan dan akal sehat, antara penilaian rasional dan cara-cara tradisional yang mendasar, atau antara jenis-jenis pengetahuan lainnya. Pada intinya para ahli berpendapat bahwa karya-karya Mannheim tidak mewakili keseluruhan secara kongruen. Menurut penulis, pernyataan posisi pemikiran Mannheim beradaptasi dengan argumen kesesuaian (argument of congruence).
Abstract
Scholars argue that Mannheim's works do not represent a congruent whole. Mannheim's thought and works are considered to undergo changes of emphasis, although it is evident that the themes and concerns that integrate each other, which become correlates, integrate all of Mannheim's works. This paper aims to elaborate critiques of Mannheim's thought and work. This research is a type of library research using a descriptive analytical analysis knife.
The results of the research are: First; Criticisms of Mannheim's thoughts and works are: (1) Mannheim's theory of knowledge, although the formulation of knowledge can explain how ideas arise, the formulation cannot explain whether the ideas are true or false; (2) The biggest mistake of Mannheim's theory, assuming the intellectuals are a class like other classes, is not unbound, but like every class, is bound to a specific social location. (3) Mannheim's thought cannot be reduced to total relativism, as it ignores the universalistic, inclusive, and normative elements that pervade his thought. (4). Mannheim never offers a clear distinction between the levels of science and common sense, between rational judgment and basic traditional ways, or between other types of knowledge. In essence, scholars argue that Mannheim's works do not represent a congruent whole. According to the author, the statement of Mannheim's position of thought adapts to the argument of congruence.
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